Let’s start with the technical part of On-Page SEO.

1.1. Server speed

As website load times are considered by search engines as part of their evaluation for ranking purposes, speeding up server response times is an important part of on-page optimization.

1.2. Source code

An efficient source code can contribute to improved website performance. Superfluous functions or code sections can often be removed or other elements can be consolidated to make it easier for the Googlebot to index the site.

1.3. IP addresses

These can be used to find out if, for example, you have a Bad Neighborhood issue if your provider is hosting porn or malware on the same IP-address. Ideally, you should always have a unique IP address for each web project. This signals to Google and other search engines that the website is unique.

2. Content

Content, in this context, doesn’t only refer to visible on-screen elements like texts and images. It also includes elements that are initially invisible, such as alt-tags or meta information.

2.1. Text

For a long time, text optimization was conducted on the basis of keyword density. This approach has now been superseded, firstly by weighting terms using WDF*IDF tools and – at the next level – by applying topic cluster analyses to proof terms and relevant terms. The aim of text optimization should always be to create a text that is not only built around one keyword, but that covers term combinations and entire keyword clouds in the best way possible. This is how to ensure that the content describes a topic in the most accurate and holistic way it can. Today, it is no longer enough to optimize texts solely to meet the needs of search engines.

2.2. Structural text elements

This covers the use of paragraphs or bullet-point lists, h- heading tags and bolding or italicizing individual text elements or words.

2.3. Graphics:

All images are important content elements that can be optimized. They can help to increase the relevance of the content and well-optimized images can rank on their own in Google’s image search. At the same time, they can increase how attractive a website appears to users. Appealing image galleries can also increase the time users spend on the site. File names of graphics are one part of image optimization.

2.4. Videos

Much of what applies to images also applies to videos. SEOs and webmasters should pay particular attention to ensuring that audiovisual content offered on their pages can actually be viewed by users.

2.5. Metatags

Meta titles tag, as a page element relevant for rankings, and meta name description, as an indirect factor that impacts the CTR (Click-Through Rate) in the search engine results pages, are two important components of on-page optimization. Even if they are not immediately visible to users, they are still considered part of the content because they should be optimized closely alongside the texts and images. This helps to ensure that there is close correspondence between the keywords and topics covered in the content and those used in the metatags.

3. Internal links and structure

Internal linking can be used to guide a bot’s visit to your domain and also to optimize navigation for real users.

3.1. Logical structure and crawl depth

The aim here is to carefully structure menus and to ensure that a website hierarchy contains no more than four levels. The fewer levels there are, the more quickly a bot is able to reach and crawl all sub-pages.

3.2. Internal linking

This determines how link juice is managed and distributed around a domain and can help increase the relevance of a sub-page regarding a particular keyword. A good sitemap is one of the most important on-page SEO basics there is, and highly relevant, both for users trying to navigate around the domain and for search engine crawlers.

3.3. Canonization

Ways of avoiding duplicate content include the appropriate use of existing canonical tags and/or assigning pages with a noindex attribute.

3.4. URL structure

This aspect involves checking whether search-engine-friendly URLs are being used and whether the existing URLs are logically related to one another. URL length can also be looked at as part of on-page optimization.

3.5. Focus

Pages that don’t contain any particularly useful content and can be considered meaningless for the Google index, should be tagged with the robots metatag “noindex”, which will prevent them being included in the search results.

4. Design

A major factor in web design today is usability. Complex graphics (e.g. using Flash) are often replaced with more simple alternatives in order to increase the functionality of the page. The same can apply to other elements like JavaScript applications.

4.1. Mobile optimization

This means adapting a website’s desktop content so that it can be easily accessed and viewed on mobile devices like smartphones or tablet computers.

4.2. File sizes

Images or graphics that are too large can drastically increase the load time of a page. As part of their on-page optimization, SEOs and graphic designers should keep file sizes as small as possible.

4.3. Call-to-Action

Specific page elements should be used to stimulate a user action by encouraging interaction with the website.